UML and its fit in the business community :: essays research papers

UML in the Business Community In the modern world, business analysts use UML as a communication tool to relay business needs to the IT professionals. What is the Unified Modeling Language (UML)? Here is a definition of UML according to the Object Management Group (OMG) specification. â€Å"The Unified Modeling Language is a graphical language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of a software-intensive system. The UML offers a standard way to write systems blueprints, including conceptual things such as programming language statements, database schemas, and reusable software components.† First I will start out with a brief discussion on the history of UML. I will then briefly go over the different modeling aspects. Last, I will cover the different UML diagram types. What do you get when you take the different concepts of Booch, OMT, OOSE and Class-Relation then integrate them all into one single modeling language? Do you give up? You create a common and widely usable modeling language such as UML. UML strives to be the standard modeling language which can monitor both concurrent and distributed systems. According to Wikipedia, the OMG has in fact made UML into an industry standard by calling for information on object-orientated (OO) methodologies that might create a rigorous software modeling language. Many industry leaders answered this calling to help create the standard. There are three different aspects of the modeled system which are handled by UML. These three modeling aspects are the functional model, object model and the dynamic model. The functional model is concerned with how the system functions from the user’s point of view. This model includes use case diagrams. The object model deals with the structure and substructure of the system using objects, operations, associations, and attributes. This model includes class diagrams. The dynamic model deals with the internal behavior of the system. This model includes sequence diagrams, activity diagrams and statechart diagrams. There are many types of UML diagram types. These diagram types consist of use case diagrams, class diagrams, collaboration diagrams, sequence diagrams, statechart diagrams, activity diagrams, and deployment diagrams. Use case diagrams are used to obtain system requirements from a user’s perspective. The use case diagram can be thought of as an interaction that a user has with a system to achieve a goal. Class diagrams represent static structure of the classes and their relationships in a system. Interaction diagrams consist of both sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams.

Your Trusted Friends Analysis

Have you ever been watching television and right in the middle of your show been flooded with an endless amount of commercials? If you answered yes, I’m willing to bet that one of those advertisements were for one of the many fast food companies in the United States. In our country, fast food corporations have a dominating grasp on the consumer and the market as to which they are tackling. Some are calling it a pandemic, the next tobacco, and even a deadly drug that is being given to us willingly without any restrictions. Society has come to see this so called viable source of food as a quick, convenient way of getting the nutrition needed during our everyday lives. The only reason as to which we have been able to convince our minds that what is being offered is ok is due to the intense advertising campaigns, which these multi-million dollar fast food companies run. With ads directed at adults showing how a quick burger can be convenient on the go to a full blown marketing campaign directed at kids from ages three to thirteen, fast food companies have been able to brainwash most of America without any real restrictions. To ensure the health and well being of our countries youth, fast food companies must take more responsibility and be required to have restrictions on their marketing campaigns. Toys, Play place’s, clowns and kid’s club are only a few of the many marketing ploys which giant fast food companies have enacted to grab the youth demographic and capitalize on it. What kid is going to deny a fun finger food like french-fries, a cheeseburger, and on top of all that a toy! It’s like the big brother stealing candy from his younger sibling. In America, we have determined that the age of 18 is when one is considered an adult and liable for his own actions. Yet we allow major companies, which are detrimental to our overall health, to spend billions of dollars on marketing tactics that our directed solely at our countries youth. How can we expect these young children to make decision about poor food choices and living a healthy lifestyle when there is a toy involved? Schlosser touches on the growing problems with marketing that is aimed directly at the youth. He admits that studies don’t by the FTC show that young children cannot tell the difference between advertisements and actual television shows (192). This gives these companies a huge advantage over their target market. The child’s brain is under constant development and when they are exposed to so many advertisements daily for these fun, exciting foods that come with toys and feelings of fun, they are bound to give in do to their sheer mental capacity. In Eric Schlossers article â€Å"Your Trusted Friends† he states, â€Å"The typical American child now spends about twenty-one hours a week watching television- roughly one and a half months of TV a year† (193). This being said, children are seeing hundreds of these brainwashing commercials a week. Fast food corporations are pretty much stealing from the helpless with out any repercussions. Without any restrictions theses billion dollar empires are going to continue to target the heart of America, which will inevitably leading to a completely unhealthy nation who is blinded by the advertisements. It is time someone steps in and makes a change to benefit those who are suffering the most from this outrageous marketing scheme, our nations youth. That someone I speak of is the government. We need stricter policies on advertisements and target audiences. It's one thing for an adult male to make a decision to eat the unhealthy food offered by these companies. Being an adult he should be able to understand the consequences of eating fast food. It’s the eight-year-old child who does not. If fast food companies are going to base their marketing campaigns around children they should be inclined to help support positive programs for theses children such as schools physical education, summer programs and other activities that will teach kids to become active. The government needs to formulate a plan that would implement strict tax laws on marketing campaigns directed at younger audiences we could use these tax dollars for these types of programs that would counter the effects these companies products are having on the kid. I doubt parents would feel as bad giving McDonalds their money for non-nutritious food if they new a few pennies out of the cost of a cheeseburger would be going to her child’s elementary school P. E. fund. Kids will always love toys, fun foods and a happy time and these companies know that. There is no stopping the marketing that will be pushed at these kids. But what we can do is hold the companies responsible and demand that they give back. Our country over the past decade has been through everything from wars to recessions and the last thing we need is to only worsen the poor health of our country due to fast food. Our most impressionable citizens, our youth, are being flooded every day by the intense marketing schemes from fast food companies daily. These empires that have been built on our bad eating habits and poor decisions are only going to get worse and effect our children as well grandchildren if we don’t start finding solutions to counteract what these companies our doing to us. And I say counteract because we cannot bring these companies down. What we can do is hold them accountable and demand that they give a fraction of what they put into these giant marketing campaigns back to our nation’s children and the programs that are needed to keep them healthy. If we are going to make certain that our country lasts we must make fast food companies more responsible for the elaborate schemes they direct at our children. With some push and demanding of change from our government concerning this issue we can ensure the future health of our country.

Positives And Negatives Of Performance Appraisals Commerce Essay

A cardinal facet of human resource direction is the public presentation assessment. The assessment helps to pull off the public presentation of employees as they themselves will normally necessitate feedback and seek blessing of what they are making right. It besides allows for any issues the employee has with the company and the director to be addressed. This survey highlights the assorted facets of public presentation assessments and how the in-class function dramas draw attending to the good and bad points of an assessment.What is a Performance Appraisal?â€Å" Performance assessments, a powerful tool, provide documented feedback on an employee ‘s degree of public presentation † ( Mahapatro, 2010 ) . For a director of an administration, it is a cardinal duty to decently measure the public presentation of its employees. There are many purposes of public presentation assessment, some of which include: set uping demand for preparation, to better public presentation throu gh guidance or coaching and to organize the footing for salary additions, wagess and fillips ( Carnell, 2010 ) . When a choice of companies in the Fortune 100[ 1 ]were asked how appraisal information was used, in the order of importance, the figure one benefit was it allowed them to better work public presentation ( Grote, 1996 ) . Other ways the information was used included ‘Making publicity determinations ‘ , ‘Advising employees of work outlooks ‘ and like Carnell suggested, ‘Identifying developing demands ‘ .BenefitsAppraisals give the chance to measure and mensurate employee public presentation but besides let for developments in general accomplishments and self-belief of the employee being appraised. Benefits associated with assessments include: rewarding staff for a occupation good done, placing and extinguishing underachievers and leting for employee growing ( Admin, 2009 ) . Appraisals allow for important interaction between the director and an employee, something which can be hard to suit during the busy daily responsibilities and undertakings a director or an employee has to account for. Therefore the director and employee are obligated to finish an assessment to discourse public presentation issues. â€Å" It is this consistent coaching that affects changed behaviors † ( Admin, 2009 ) .Negatives/ProblemsA cardinal disadvantage of assessments is the fact it can be clip devouring. â€Å" It is recommended that a director spend about an hr per employee composing public presentation assessments † ( Admin, 2009 ) . This may non be an issue for a director merely covering with a smattering of employees but finishing assessments for a 100 employees is traveling to be significantly boring. The jobs of an assessment can lie with both the director and the employee. An employee could already be experiencing paranoid or insecure about the assessment, particularly when the director has the power in footings of pr esenting wagess, publicity, occupation security etc. This power the director has, can be used unprofessionally which could ensue in an unjust assessment. Superiority can be tied in with power and can ensue in actions by the director that are different and inconsistent to their norm. Associating back to the tedium of assessments, if a director has many assessments to put to death in such a short clip frame, the thought of ennui can originate doing a loss of focal point due to repeat of paper work ( Carnell, 2010 ) .A Good Performance AppraisalThe important elements of a good assessment harmonizing to the ( Chartered Institute of Personal Development ( CIPD ) , 2010 ) are that a good and constructive assessment meeting is one in which: Appraisees do most of the speaking Appraisers listen actively to what they say There is range for contemplation and analysis Performance is analysed non personality The whole period is reviewed and non merely recent or stray events Accomplishment is recognised and reinforced Ends positively with agreed action programs The assessment should be about developing a program for the employee. Therefore for an appraisal meeting to be successful, both employee and director should fix. Using a papers with a few inquiries to be considered by both parties in the assessment should be included when fixing. A cardinal component in the assessment meeting is that the director should concentrate on the hereafter and what he or she would wish to see instead than brooding on what has or has n't worked antecedently. Probably the most of import facet is the finalising of the assessment. It is important that ends and outlooks are set together between the director and employee. This helps to set up where any farther development is required in respects to developing the employee.Role Play AnalysisRole Play AGeneral observations from the beginning were that the director seemed distant and was n't engaged with the employer at all, entire unprofessionalism was displayed when the director decided to read a text message on hi s phone. Besides from the '10 Stairss to Flawless Appraisal Interview ‘ DVD, the first measure discusses that avoiding surprises are cardinal to a good interview and the fact that the employee was told last minute about her assessment was a really hapless action from the director. There was a deficiency of ends set in the old twelvemonth by the director and he besides suggested that the employee should take it upon herself to put her ain marks. Other negative points about the director include non showing feedback to the employee for her public presentation and she besides was n't made cognizant about her bead in public presentation prior to the assessment. When the employee suggests for more preparation to assist increase her public presentation, the director merely disregards it. Even though the bead in public presentation was due to household issues, there was an utmost deficiency of support from the director. A good assessment should be a two manner meeting between both parties but when the employee suggests the director could better his public presentation ; he wholly disregards it and says the assessment is for the employee merely. An assessment should besides set frontward new aims but the 1s set for the employee were so generalized that the employee was confused what was asked of her. When the director was asked to be specific, it was brushed off even though making an action program is important to a good assessment. The employee asked for some overall feedback of her public presentation in the workplace and even that was really hapless from the director with truly generalised remarks that would be of no assistance. The employee stated he was looking for a new occupation due to miss of occupation satisfaction and deficiency of future chances and publicity at the current company. Overall a hapless assessment with no action program created.Role Play BGeneral observations of the function drama include great support and enthusiasm by the director for the employee but complete negativeness from the employee. The employee needs to understand that an assessment is necessary but is inexorable her public presentation is immaculate and believes she does n't necessitate an assessment and thinks it ‘s the director that needs to better. The director highlights the mistakes with the employee and is acute to assist better her public presentation. A hapless action by the employee was the answering of her phone mid-appraisal and systematically seeking to go forth the assessment early. The director recognised that the employee had done a great occupation last twelvemonth and really much understood and sympathised with the employee for her bead in public presentation due to household related jobs. The director was really relentless with what had to be said but was ever being overthrown by the employee. There besides was n't a good terminal to the assessment instead a ‘giving up ‘ by the director and hence no action program was set. Apart from saying the bead in public presentation, the director could hold given more feedback from throughout the twelvemonth instead than concentrating on that exclusive event. The overall behavior of the director was pleasant, sort and considerate whereas the employee was rather merely rude.Role Play CGeneral observations of the function drama include a hapless attitude between both director and employee and a general deficiency of attention for the assessment. This assessment was the worst of the three and both parties had minimum attention for the assessment itself. By burying the clip of the assessment and the employee ‘s name showed complete unpreparedness. Another presentation of a hapless assessment was the manner in which inquiries were put frontward by the director and the manner replies were referred back to him. The inquiries seemed really rigorous to the signifier as if there was no readying done by the director and the replies by the employee once more seemed like there was none or minimum readying. This would bind in with measure three from the '10 Stairss to Flawless Appraisal Interview ‘ which states that a more productive interview is one with good employee readying. Both parties were argumentative and ne'er truly discussed or reviewed decently the public presentation of the employee. At times the director was dissing and complete neglect by the director when the employee stated household jobs. However the employ ee was besides dissing but more so to other staff which is something to clearly avoid in a good assessment. Overall this clearly was a bad assessment and the fact that both parties seemed to hold an action program would be reasonably much pointless summed up the quality of the assessment.Are Action Plans Needed?All three function dramas failed to make an action program, one of the cardinal parts of an assessment. It is the last but one of the most important stairss in '10 Stairss to Flawless Appraisal Interview ‘ . An overall program should be agreed with the appraisee, which should â€Å" take history of the occupation duties, the appraisee ‘s calling aspirations, the departmental and whole organisation ‘s precedences, and the reviewed strengths and failings † ( Mahapatro, 2010 ) . Without any marks or aims, an assessment has minimal or even zero value to both the director and the employee. The aims set should adhere to the ‘SMARTER ‘ rule: â₠¬Å" specific, mensurable, agreed, realistic, time-bound, gratifying, recorded † ( Mahapatro, 2010 ) . The benefit therefore is that the aims are likely to be met before the following assessment.Bettering Performance Appraisalsâ€Å" The public presentation rating procedure is a possible mine field of jobs † ( Mahapatro, 2010 ) . Several sorts of mistakes and prejudices exist in assessments which normally influence the public presentation measuring. Common mistakes as highlighted in ( Steen, Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & A ; Wright, 2009 ) include ‘Similar to Me Error ‘ , ‘Contrast Error ‘ and ‘Halo and Horns Error ‘ . Wayss to get the better of these mistakes and better assessments would be to present in-depth preparation to avoid evaluation mistakes. Using more than one judge can besides be introduced to increase the opportunities of more accurate consequences. Besides when a director evaluates, he or she should merely carry on assessm ents in the countries they have expertness in which makes the appraisal strategy a much more valid procedure. These techniques should hold been applied to the function plays which in bend would hold made them a far better illustration of a good assessment.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Case Study and Research Samaritan L. Carlo Suffolk County Community College SYS 213, Exceptional Child Able Keller is an English-speaking and physically healthy four-year-old boy. He lives with his mother and eighteen-year-old sister, and attends preschool during the week. Babel's mother works seven days a week and he is supervised on the weekends by a nanny. His current nanny began working for the family fairly recently; the two nannies prior to her both worked for less than two months before quitting.Babel's parents have been divorced for two years. His mother is his primary care-giver and is father sees him infrequently. Lately, Babel's mother and preschool teacher have been unable to cope with his disruptive and distressing behaviors. Babel's teacher estimates that his disruptive behaviors began at the beginning of the school year, which was approximately eight months ago; his mother says that the behaviors began roughly one year ago and have been i ncreasing in severity and frequency since then.Babel's sister has also voiced concerns regarding her brother's spiteful actions towards her due to the strain his recent behaviors have put on their relationship (PAP, 2013). Babel's mother reports that Able cannot go more than two days without becoming extremely irritated with necessary daily tasks. Once, Babel's mother requested that he go wash his hands before dinner. Able became irrationally frustrated, blatantly refused to wash his hands, and began lashing out in a manner which she describes as â€Å"one of his tantrums. Babel's mother also describes an instance in which their last nanny was on the receiving end of Babel's disruptive behavior. The nanny took away Babel's toy at his refusal to brush his teeth and get ready for bed, and later found her toothbrush in the toilet boil. After further acts of blatant defiance by Able, the nanny resigned and Babel's mother was forced to find a new nanny. Able exhibited a similar behavior towards his sister when she asked him if he could grab her a pencil for her homework. Able was instantly irritated at this request and yelled â€Å"Don't tell me what to do! He then proceeded to rip up her homework and run to his room. According to his mother, destruction of property in such an aggressive manner has been very infrequent in Babel's behavior. However, his spitefulness resulted in the loss of a nanny and his sister's increasing emotional sisters that her â€Å"sweet baby brother† has taken on such a resentful attitude towards her (PAP, 2013). Babel's preschool teacher told his mother that his behavior will no longer be tolerated and recommended that he be assessed. His teacher explains his behaviors in class as â€Å"defiant and disruptive. Almost daily, he actively ignores class rules, such as not talking during reading time, and becomes even more defiant when his violations are addressed by the teacher. His teacher has paused class multiple times to stop hi m from distracting either the whole class or individual students. She ports that the most troublesome aspects of Babel's behavior are the frequency of the disruptions and his responses to being reprimanded. Once, when a classmate went to the teacher after Able ignored her plea that he stop poking her arm, Able became outwardly more motivated to continue poking her relentlessly.When his teacher explained why his behavior is unacceptable, Able accused the classmate that he had been poking of initiating the incident and provoking him by being â€Å"annoying. † Babel's teacher reports that he has yet to accept blame or responsibility for any of his misdoings and that he is often ostracizes by his peers. Classmates have called him â€Å"annoying† and † a tattle-tale. † Teachers discourage this taunting behavior, but the discrimination has led to further emotional distress within Able which has been exhibited by more frequent moods of frustration and irritability at home (PAP, 2013).Babel's behavior has been extremely distressing at home and in school over a duration of at least eight months, but has not presented a problem elsewhere thus far. His teacher has felt stress due to her inability to get him to obey rules, a lack of time to address his disruptions, and phone calls from parents whose children claim to have en harassed in some way by Able. His sister has become distraught over his behavior and his mother has been put under enormous pressure to maintain a trustworthy and reliable nanny.Due to the duration of his irritable, defiant, and occasionally vindictive behaviors, which have occurred at home and at school, have had negative consequences in his academic, social, and emotional functioning, and have caused distress for several people in his life, Able has been diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder of a moderate severity. Babel's defiant, argumentative, ND vindictive symptoms put him at risk for developing Conduct Disorder, and his increasing emotional distress due to peer issues at school increases his risk of developing an emotional disorder (PAP, 2013).Recent research of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is characterized by the emergence of two themes: developmental precursors to the disorder and the dimension of irritability. The study of precursors to ODD are discussed by Tinfoil and Malta (2013) in their research study which examines the relations between interpretative understanding, moral emotional attribution, and sympathy with the ability to predict ODD symptoms.Burke, Babylon, Rowe, Duke, Steep, Hippies, and Walden (2014) discuss varying dimensionality models of ODD, the identification of irritability by certain symptoms, and the implications of the results for further research on ODD. Tinfoil and Malta (2013) suggest that the limited success of current ODD treatments may be attributed to the lack of empirical research on the disorder's developmental antecedents. Their research responds t o this insufficiency by assessing supposed key components in the genesis of antisocial behaviors: social-cognitive development and moral emotions (Tinfoil & Malt', 2013).The study analyzes a sample of 128 four- and eight-year-old children with ODD and investigates the links between the symptoms of ODD and interpretative understanding, or theory of mind skills, in children (Tinfoil & Malt', 2013). The research of Tinfoil and Malta (2013) also analyzes ODD symptoms in relation to sympathy and moral emotion attribution (MEA), and examines the mediating role that each of these may have on each others' development. The participants of the study include 128 English-speaking children and one caregiver each parent assessments (Tinfoil & Malta, 2013).The only exclusion criterion is a hill with autism spectrum disorder, and the ethnicities of the participants vary (Tinfoil & Malt', 2013). Symptoms of ODD in the children are rated by caregivers using ADSM-oriented scales, interpretive understa nding ratings are obtained by professionals using the Landed and Chandler's puppet activity, sympathy is measured by caregiver and child self-reports, and MEA is evaluated using each child's negative or positive responses to the presentation of hypothetical vignettes of varying lapses in morality (Tinfoil & Malt', 2013).The procedure of the research study involved each child and their caregiver attending one session at the research ABA, the parent providing written consent and the child providing oral agreement, and the child being interviewed for a duration of approximately forty-five minutes by psychology undergraduate students (Tinfoil & Malta, 2013). The caregiver for each child filled out the symptom questionnaires outside of the interview room during the process (Tinfoil & Malta, 2013). Tinfoil and Malta (2013) find that interpretive understanding, sympathy, and MEA all influence ODD symptoms.Ratings of child sympathy by the caregivers play a mediating role on the effect of in terpretive understanding on ODD symptoms, and MEA strength significantly influences interpretative understanding in the domain of rule violation (Tinfoil & Malt', 2013). The research of Tinfoil and Malta (2013) indicates the necessity of further research on social-cognitive and affective-moral factors that could potentially precede ODD and help with early prediction, and highlights a possible origin of the rule-violating behavior so prevalent in Babel's case as a deficit in MEA.Recent research on ODD also focuses on the importance of irritability and on reaching a consensus regarding which symptoms best identify irritability (Burke et al. , 2014). Burke et al. (2014) introduces the study by explaining how existing data purports that symptoms of ODD represent a unidirectional assembly and are distinct from those of other disorders. Recently, studies have found conflicting evidence regarding the dimensions ODD symptoms are categorized by, which questions the reliability of assessment using the existing ODD model (Burke et al. 2014). Also, inconsistencies exist concerning which symptoms of ODD comprise which dimensions (Burke et al. , 2014). Burke et al. (2014) suggests that a factor model of the disorder may help solve these conflicts surrounding the concept of diagnostic irritability. The study tests single and multi- dimensional models of ODD including factor and competing models, analyzes various elements of measurement within symptoms, and aims to identify the extent to which specific dimensions relate to each other and general ODD symptoms (Burke et al. 2014). The study also attempts to determine if there is a distinguishing dimension of irritability within ODD, if one model of ODD is superior to all other models, and if there is an additional general dimension of ODD (Burke et al. , 2014). ODD symptom data of five community samples of five- to eighteen-year-old boys and arils is evaluated by Burke et. Al (2014) using assorted measurement scales and care- g iver reports.Methods of assessing symptom presence, frequency, and severity are the Revised Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Parent Version, Child Symptom Inventory-4, Child and Adolescent Psychopathology Scale, Developmental and Well-Being Assessment, and Emory Diagnostic Rating Scale (Burke et al. , 2014). The data is analyzed using five models of ODD dimensionality and two models of irritability, which identify irritability as either touchy, angry, and spiteful, or touchy, angry, and frequent loss of temper (Burke et al. 2014). Burke el al. (2014) concludes that the best model for symptoms of ODD is a general factor model in which irritability and oppositional behavior factors exist alongside a general ODD factor, and in which irritability and oppositional behaviors significantly correlate with each other (Burke et al. , 2014). This model is consistently better across multiple samples and is made up of eight general ODD items, each correlated with either an irritabilit y or an oppositional behavioral dimension (Burke et. Al, 2014).The irritability mission includes temper, touchiness, and anger; the oppositional behavior dimension includes argumentativeness, defiance, annoyance, balefulness, and spitefulness (Burke et. Al, 2014). Burke et. Al (2014) also finds that irritability is most accurately characterized by touchiness, anger, and temper loss. The implications of the results are the emergence of strong evidence for a multidimensionality within ODD, and support for an identification of irritability characterized by loss of temper, touchiness, and anger (Burke et al. , 2014).Although the research is unable to answer attention questions regarding the existence of a third dimension, the initial questions are addressed concerning the underlying structure of symptom dimensions and provide evidence for a superior set of characteristics of irritability (Burke et al. , 2014). Lastly, Burke et al. (2014) addresses that possible limitations in the study were due to the variability of the questionnaires, the variability of the scaling systems, and the different research structure for boys and girls in the samples. References American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Section II: Disruptive, impulse-control, and induct disorders. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th De. ). New York: PAP Press. Burke, J. D. , Babylon, K. , Rowe, R. , Duke, E. , Steep, S. D. , Hippies, A. E. , & Walden, l. D. (2014). Identifying the irritability dimension of ODD: Application of a modified factor model across five large community samples of children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1-11. Tinfoil, M. & Malt', T. (2013). Interpretive understanding, sympathy, and moral emotion attribution in oppositional defiant disorder symptomatically. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 44, 633-645.

Philippine Racism Essay

In a famous trial in Manila about Neil Puache, convicted of rape, exclaimed: â€Å"You’re all racists and you don’t even know it!† This topic may be quite controversial but I have enough evidences to back up my opinions. Racism refers to any theory or doctrine stating that inherited physical characteristics such as skin color, facial features, hair texture, and the like determine behavior patterns, personality traits and intellectual abilities. They do not know that, according to the values’ standards, that the actions of man define what values they have instead of how they look because through these values, one can know that a person is acting in a proper or improper way. In practice, racism takes the form of a claim that some human races are superior to others. Did you know that the term â€Å"Mangyan†, the name of the indigenous peoples in Mindoro comes from the Tagalog phrase: â€Å"mangmang iyan† meaning â€Å"that person is stupid†? Why would people who have been oppressed by whites want to act like them? Because the oppression was effective in instilling the belief that whites are better than Filipinos. Instead of responding to this in an aggressive mood, Filipinos took the belief as something true. That’s why Filipinos are really conscious about their skin color. How about this: did you know that our country is the world’s capital of whitening products? Yes, it’s a fact. Filipinos seem to think that with lighter skin, one can climb the social ladder. Haven’t you noticed that Filipinos respond to sunlight the same way Clark Kent does to kryptonite? And this: did you know that only two dark-skinned Filipinas managed to get the title of Binibining Pilipinas Universe? This is another visible practice of racism in the Philippines. It might be coincidental if there were ten or fifteen candidates but two out of forty-one is just unacceptable. It isn’t only amongst us that Filipinos have shown preference of a certain race. Did you know that people with Chinese blood were often discriminated in the Philippines because of the way they look? Only because of the current  norms of what people perceive to be beautiful are Chinese people thought of as better than us. They make their Chinese blood a feature of their humanity. This is why â€Å"Tsinoys† are more frequently seen on T.V. than Filipinos with the traditional Filipino beauty. Historians claim that this fever started the same time colonial mentality seeped into our veins and pointed out that it was widespread by 1572. The colonizers start with the assumption that their ways are inherently superior to those of the colonized. Racist men were put into positions of power where they were expected to promote, first and foremost, the economic and fashion interests of the country’s elite. In the name of God, civilization progress and development, the colonizers justified the most barbaric acts they inflicted on the colonized. The brainwashing committed by the colonizers was meant to tell the imposed that their culture is way behind civilization. They did not know that the acts also made the Filipinos think that lighter skin meant more superior beings. Particularly when face-to-face with a person in authority, Filipinos have the tendency to be submissive. They have an obsessive desire to please, serve and accept the opinion of a person in authority. Rather than asserting their rights, they prefer to suffer in silence for fear of offending another person or being thought of as uncooperative or dumb. The Filipinos have practiced pakikisama but this value turned out to be a non-assertive mentality that started the whole disease. This is the kind of mindset and barbarism that shaped the history of the Filipinos. We must also talk about the ancestral influence. If parents cut corners, their children will too. If parents spend all their money on themselves and tithe no portion of it for charities, colleges, churches, synagogues and civic causes, their children won’t either. The same way, if parents snicker at racial and gender jokes, a new generation will pass on the poison adults still have not had the courage to snuff out. According to Rogdiger in his article from rubak.com, â€Å"a typical Filipino parent would say that being white is good because it shows superiority (the  female parent is likely to suggest this, most males tend to be contented with their own race) because only a small percent of Filipinos is lucky enough to have this gift†. The truth is, to think so is being as racist as the people who enslaved them and told them that they were inferior. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. Filipinos are so caught up in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. The parents sent the word and strength of racism to many generations in the future and it will never stop until Filipinos accept that they are racists. In the past, racism was easily defined and institutional. The colonizers have been successful in promoting their race to a higher level but they, surely enough, didn’t expect the Philippines to be a racist society in the future. The refusal to accept this sickness has allowed it to transform into new forms. Racism has evolved from an aggressive prejudicial behavior to a more subtle one. This type of subtle prejudicial behavior has advanced to a degree that is much more difficult to se, yet is regarded as more severe. This modern form of racism has entered the workplace. Filipinos are so caught up with trying to be an independent race, yet they would prefer to be a part of a different race. A foreigner came back from the Philippines and said: â€Å"All I saw was a lot of racists!† More that a quarter of the females in the Philippines have died their hair blonde, with an effort to be â€Å"more cool† or â€Å"more foreign† only to have most turn out an ugly orangy-color. These women also wear too much makeup to lighten their skin. We must also discredit the title of â€Å"the bearers of racism† to our ancestors, colonizers and the society. The media also has a lot to do with this. Most of the people who accepted the title of being â€Å"ugly† in showbiz entertainment are people with dark skin. The victims of racism have suffered from direct or indirect forms of racial discrimination. Direct forms include being laughed at; indirect forms include the â€Å"glass ceiling effect, a modern type of racism which describes the invisible differences in other Filipino’s views. This type of thinking may very well be the cause of a victim’s mental and psychological damage. It  has also affected the victim’s social health and yes, also his/her spiritual health. So it’s your choice. You can either be a lazy fool, influenced by the society’s wrong perspective or you can park the car, stand on hard ground and take a look at the real Philippine Islands.

"Development is only concerned with the economic growth of a Essay

"Development is only concerned with the economic growth of a country" discuss - Essay Example Another aspect of development concerns the policies and programs to deliver services to members of a society. It may also be measured through business strategies for a given economy such as offering finance and expansion of the markets for produced goods. The primary objective of economic development is to ensure the improvement of society members’ well-being through strategies that involve job creation, improvement of quality of life, and improve government revenue. In most developed economies, several of the aforementioned factors exist in major sectors (International Economic Development Council 3). Economic development and growth vary. Usually, they are measured based on the effects that they create on the population (La 1). For most instances, economic growth measures a generalized increase in the levels of national income and Gross Domestic Product. The method of measurement does not cater for the quality of life of the population. Such a statement means economic growth does not measure the quality of life of the society members. It is possible to realize economic growth without economic development. The rationale for such an argument is that the latter aspect of the economy weighs human capacity development. The main human factors for this case sum to both the quality of life and the standards of living. An economy can grow without catering for aspects such as reduced illiteracy, poverty elimination, creation of sufficient goods and services among others. It would therefore, imply that the economy exploits the citizens by unfair means such as long hours of working with low payments. Sustainable development gives economic development a task of improving the qualities of lives of citizens. The approach of sustainable economic development targets an increased production of goods and services to the growing population. There was, therefore, a need that the economists devise a method that would see the dreams of economic plans. Consequently, after the

A Broadening Understanding of Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Broadening Understanding of Islam - Essay Example In the bestselling The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, there is a gut-wrenching scene about a woman being stoned to death because she had not conducted herself according to Islamic law. Another bestseller entitled Reading Lolita in Tehran chronicles a women’s book club that must meet clandestinely to read Western books that have been outlawed by the Islamic fundamentalists in power at the time. Texts such as these lead us to believe that Islam is an antiquated and oppressive religion that is forced upon people by their governments. If people do willingly participate in Islamic rituals, media sources often jump to the conclusion that they have been brainwashed to do so. Yet Tyson’s article tells an entirely different story about Muslims in Turkmenistan who risked persecution at the hands of the Soviet government to worship at sacred shrines. Thus the article very much helps to balance out the often one-sided depiction of theocratic states that force fundamentalist Islam onto its powerless subjects. Not only did the article expand my perspective as to the different contexts in which Muslims have practiced their faith, David Tyson also broadened my idea of how Muslims worship. While mosques, prayer rugs and religious observances such as Ramadan are very much part of the image depicted by the media, I was not aware that pilgrimages had so much religious significance. Tyson details the many holy sites that are significant to Turkmens and shows how they played such an important role in preserving Islam in the face of the Soviet Union that sought to eradicate it from their empire.